This blog is to share the latest research and development of acupuncture and raise the awareness of alternative treatments for your conditions, and is for information only.

Thursday 1 November 2018

Acupuncture is significantly more effective than donepezil in improving cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease

Acupuncture has shown the much better improvement in cognitive function than donepezil in patients with mild to moderate form of Alzheimer’s disease in a 24-week clinical trial. The study was published in the journal of BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairment and personality changes and is the most common type of dementia. The conditions lead to a loss of personal independence which has wide range of impact on the individual, families and societies; as it is predicted that the prevalence of AD will rise exponentially in elderly people from 1% at age of 65 to approximately 40-50% by the age of 95. So far the medications used to treat AD include cholinesterase-inhibitors such as donepezil which offers only modest symptomatic relief, but produced significantly higher rates of adverse effects and discontinuation of treatment. So, alternative treatment for the condition is urgently needed. Acupuncture has been used to alleviate some symptoms of AD in China for a long time.

Recently a randomized, drug-controlled, parallel group clinical study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture compared with donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD. Eighty seven patients qualified to the study were randomly allocated into two groups: acupuncture group (AG, n=43) and drug group (donepezil, DG, n=44).
The primary outcome measures included (1) Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cog (ADAS-cog). (2) Clinician Interview-Based Impression of Change plus caregiver input (CIBIC-Plus). The second outcome measures were (1) Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADAS-ADL23). (2) The Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Questionnaire (NPI). Those measures were performed at the baseline, 12-week treatment period, and 12-week follow-up period respectively.

Basic acupuncture acupoints included RN17 (danzhong), RN12 (zhongwan), RN6 (qihai), ST36 (zusanli), SJ5 (waiguan) and SP10 (xuehai). Complementary acupoints: LR3 (taichong), GB39 (xuanzhong), ST40 (fenglong), BL17 (geshu), ST44 (neiting), ST25 (tianshu) and RN4 (guan yuan), could be selected as auxiliary acupoints according to patient’s symptoms and tongue manifestation. The needles were retained in situ for 30 min each time. Acupuncture treatment was given three times weekly for 12 weeks. The patients in the DG group received 5 mg/day of donepezil hydrochloride for the first 4 weeks and then, 10 mg/day for 8 weeks.

The results shown that acupuncture treatment statistically significantly improved cognitive function, global clinical status compared with donepezil according to the scores of ADAS-cog, CIBIC-Plus both at the end of 12-week treatment and 12-week follow-up period. However, there was no significant difference in the activities of daily living and behavioral symptoms based on the scores of ADCSADL23 and NPI between AG and DG groups. Further, In the AG group, 5 cases of insomnia, 4 cases of constipation, 6 elderly male cases with benign prostate hyperplasia and 2 cases of knee arthritis reported that their symptoms were clearly improved. However, patients in the DG group did not show any equivalent improvements.

During the trial, 4 patients (9.3%) in AG experienced punctuate hemorrhage after the needles were taken out, and 1patient (2.3%) had bruising. No serious adverse effects were reported and no patients withdrew from the AG. Seven patients (15.9%) in DG reported some adverse effects, including dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation; fatigue and agitation. 4 of 7 cases (9.09%) withdrew from the trial.

The study showed that acupuncture treatment could significantly improve cognitive function, global clinical status in patients with mild to moderate AD, compared with donepezil, with less adverse effects.

Reference
Jia Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Han J, Yu T, Shi J, Zhao L, Nie K., Acupuncture for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Dec 29;17(1):556.     https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29284465

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