This blog is to share the latest research and development of acupuncture and raise the awareness of alternative treatments for your conditions, and is for information only.

Thursday, 2 April 2015

Recent development in research of acupoint anatomy

Meridian and acupuncture points (acupoint) are the most fundamental part of acupuncture therapy in traditional Chinese medicine. However the existence of anatomical structures of both meridian and acupoint are still in controversy although some reports showed their putative presence.

During past a few years progress has been made in research on meridian and acupoint anatomy. In 2014, Dr. C Wang and colleagues in China identified a “vessel-like structure” made of “calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-positive neurofibers in local tissues” at acupoints ST 44, ST 36 and ST 32. The researchers used laser confocal microscope and located CGRP-positive nerve fibres at the acupoints. The non-acupoint did not show such a profile. CGRP plays an important role as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulators in the central nervous system, and as a potent vasodilator when secreted from peripheral, perivascular nerves through its specific receptors.

In another research performed by Dr. Chenglin Liu and colleagues in China (2014) CT scans allowing an improved 3D imaging of a large field of view without artfact, revealed unique structure of acupoints. They found that acupoints have a higher density of micro-vessels and contain a large amount of involuted microvascular structures at acupoint ST36 and ST37. The non-acupoints did not exhibit these properties.

Using the silver stained sections of acupoint P6 and GB20, Silberstein et al., (2012) in Australia described that at each acupoint, but not at control sites, “a single nerve bundle extending to the dermal–epidermal junction was identified where it branched into two parts, with each branch running perpendicularly, parallel to the dermal–epidermal junction”. They conclude that acupoints are related to both unmyelinated and myelinated afferent nerve fibers in a unique neuroanatomical structure not found in other areas of the body.

In another study, M Hong et al., (2012) in Korea used an amperometric oxygen micro-sensor to detect partial oxygen pressure variations at different locations on the anterior aspect of the wrist. They found that relatively high values of partial oxygen pressure at the certain area close to proximity of acupoints with statistic significance, indicating a strong relationship between oxygen and acupoints.

These findings mark an important development in the understanding of acupoint anatomy. These techniques for scientifically measuring acupoint offer new insight into the structures surrounding acupoint. This may help to confirm how stimulation of acupoint affects the body. 
 
Reference:
Wang, C et al., Distribution of calcitonin gene related peptide positive neurofibers in local skin tissues of" Neiting"(ST 44)," Zusanli"(ST 36) and" Futu"(ST 32) regions in the rat. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2014 Oct;39(5):377-81.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518111

Liu C et al., X-ray phase-contrast CT imaging of the acupoints based on synchrotron radiation. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. Volume 196, October 2014, Pages 80–84.  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0368204813002405

Silberstein M et al., Afferent Neural Branching at Human Acupuncture Points: Do Needles Stimulate or Inhibit?  Medical Acupuncture. Volume: 24 Issue 1: March 16, 2012, doi:10.1089. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acu.2011.0823


Hong M et al., Heterogeneity of Skin Surface Oxygen Level of Wrist in Relation to Acupuncture Point. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2012, Article ID 106762, 7 pages. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/106762/abs/

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